Battery Cell Configuration Calculator

Calculate system voltage, capacity, and energy for your custom battery packs.

Total Voltage 48.1 V
Total Capacity 12 Ah
Total Energy 577.2 Wh
Total Cells 52

Understanding Battery Cell Configurations (S and P)

Building a custom battery pack, whether for an e-bike, solar storage, or electronics project, requires a clear understanding of cell configuration. Battery packs are comprised of individual cells connected in Series (S) and Parallel (P). This calculator helps you determine the final output of your pack based on these two variables.

Series vs. Parallel: What is the Difference?

Series (S): Connecting cells in series involves linking the positive terminal of one cell to the negative terminal of the next. This configuration increases the total Voltage of the battery pack while the capacity (Amp-hours) remains the same as a single cell. For example, a "10S" pack using 3.7V cells will yield a nominal 37V.

Parallel (P): Connecting cells in parallel involves linking all positive terminals together and all negative terminals together. This increases the Capacity (Ah) and the discharge current capability, while the voltage remains the same as a single cell. A "4P" pack using 3,000mAh (3Ah) cells will result in a 12Ah capacity.

How to Use This Calculator

To use the Battery Cell Configuration Calculator, follow these simple steps:

  1. Enter the Nominal Voltage of a single cell (typically 3.6V or 3.7V for Li-ion, 3.2V for LiFePO4).
  2. Enter the Capacity of a single cell in Amp-hours (Ah). Note: 1000mAh = 1Ah.
  3. Input the number of cells connected in Series (S) to set your target voltage.
  4. Input the number of cells connected in Parallel (P) to set your target runtime/capacity.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Wh (Watt-hours)?
Watt-hours represent the total energy stored in the battery. It is calculated by multiplying the total Voltage by the total Capacity (V x Ah = Wh). This is the best way to compare the true energy potential of different battery packs.

Can I mix different cell types?
No. It is highly recommended to use the exact same make, model, and age of cells within a single pack. Mixing cells with different capacities or discharge rates can lead to imbalances, reduced lifespan, and potential safety hazards.